ZMX-21A1
The ZMX-21A1 is a model upgrade of the ZMX-21 standard. It includes several new items, but doesn't compare to the ZMX-21B. It's sales are restricted and DPRs are only given to those held in high regard.

General information
Name: Reaver
Crew: 3 (driver, Gunner, Commander)
Builders: Zio Matrix Arms

Dimensions
Weight: 64.7 tons
Length (gun forward): 7.48 m
Width: 4.7 m
Height: 3.13 m
Ground Clearance: .35m


Mobility
Engine: ZM-873 Model A-501 liquid-cooled V-12 Twin-turbo diesel engine.
Transmission: ZM T57 transmission with 9 gears forward and 3 in reverse.
Suspension: Hydropneumatic
Engine power: 1650hp
Maximum road speed: 65 km/h
Range: 700 km

Maneuverability
Gradient: 58%
Side slope: 50%
Vertical step: 0.85 m
Trench: 2.6 - 2.8 m
Fording: 1.2 - 1.8 m
Fording (with preparation): 5 m

Armor
3rd Generation Chobham Composite, with a layer of Steel Armour on top for maximum penetration defense, a layer of Exote armor and a 2 cm Cardon Fiber layer behind all this for maximum protection.
NBC Protection SCFM, clean cooled air

Armament
ZMX L127 135mm smoothbore cannon (ZMX-21A) ZMX L115 120mm smoothbore cannon (ZMX-21E)
x1 EA S-12 LMG mounted on a 360 pivot on the left side for the commander's hatch.
x1 Model 205 Compact Automatic Cannon
Elevation range: -10 degrees-20 degrees
Traverse range: 360 degrees
Ammunition load: Main gun - 30 rounds
Machine guns - 2,000 x 7.62 each

Systems
Zio "Overforce" FCS system
MZ "Lasereye" Mk II
MX Cluster AN/PRC-148 JTRS Enhanced MBITR Radio system (MX Cluster III)
ZM "Gamma" Search Radar system, max. range of 14km
Matrix Mk.II Optronic Sighting System
MXL3C Autoloader; allows for 11 135mm rounds per minute.

Countermeasures
ZMAPS "Big Brother" APS
Nightshade Camouflage unit

Background
Noticing the need of a unified weapon and logistics the League of Imperialist Nations petitioned for large weapons manufacturers to design a tank that would serve their purpose. What was the most shocking thing about this is that both Zio Matrix Arms and Imperial Military Industries won, and as such had to work together to create the tank. They both were competitors so they used this opportunity to show off their best work yet. However the league soon collapsed so Zio Matrix took the designs and created a purely Dinosian model of the vehicle.

The -A1 Upgrade contains much needed improvements for the weapon's platform. While it is probably nothing but boasting, the Zio Matrix engineers say this new model can stand up to the Lyran LY4A2 Tanks.

Design
There is a second air intake that is used to force outside air through a forced air radiator, where it is mixed with the exhaust in order to reduce the IR signature of the engine's exhaust. This system can be switched off in NBC conditions in order to preserve crew health, and the serviceability of the tank. The forced air cooling of the exhaust evenly reduces the temperature of the exhaust, thus making the IR signature harder to detect.

The Fuel tank is designed to seal itself closed when penetrated, most likely by an enemy weapon. The tank consists of two layers of rubber, one is vulcanized rubber while the other is untreated. Between these two layers is a composite foam that improves absorption and the sealing process. When a fuel tank is punctured, the fuel will spill on to the layers, causing the swelling of the untreated layers, thus sealing the puncture.

This makes a fuel tank explosion caused by enemy weapons fire less likely, therefore providing a further safety margin for the crew.

Armament
The primary weapon is a 135mm L/65 cannon. It is supported by an extensive autoloading system which can load 11 shells a minute and a laser range finder is also equipped. It is capable of firing any modern munition including ATGMs. The Turret that houses this weapon is uniquely designed in that the back is higher than the front to allow for an increase in ammo storage.

The Secondary weapons is a mounted EA S-12 LMG. It is mounted on a 360 pivot on the commander's hatch. The coaxial turret is capable of being fire remotely while the commander's hatch mounted S-12 is capable of both manual and remote use. A Model 205 Autocannon is mounted coaxially to the turrent. This is fired remotely.

Fenrir ATGM
Taking a nod from the Lyran LY4A1 Helios II Unit, Zio Matrix has created it's own ATGM to mount on the ZMX-25B.

The Fenrir was developed following a decision by High Command of Dinosia to implement a similar system to that of the Lyran Helios II Unit. The decision was based on the fact that the original ZMX-25 models lacked an effective countermeasure to heavier Tanks. According to High Command and the Army Office of Weapons Systems, the new missile should have the capability to match the Helios II. As such the missiles have been given Beyond Visual Range [BVR] capability, to take advantage of the upcoming SEED high-tech information orientated battlespace. In short, the intent was to field a system able to destroy hostile MBTs while they remained outside of visual and gun range. It was obvious that the Contract would be awarded to Zio matrix and they began work right away.

The Helios was designed to be a high-speed, top attack, ATGM, as such the Fenrir would have to do the same. The Fenrir utilises a Dinosian tri-seeking warhead, which is partially reversed engineered, allowing it to select one of a number of means to acquire and destroy designated targets. The primary seeker, which is most commonly used, is the missile's radar. Using millimetric radar, the Fenrir is able to acquire, identify and track and engage enemy Units. The secondary seeker-head is a laser beam-rider. This was primarily designed to allow UAV's and special forces (and also regular infantry if equipped with laser designators), to target enemy Armor and employ the anti-armour capabilities of an MBT from BVR. The third and final seeker is a fiber-optic guided seeker. This is perhaps the most jam-proof and secure way of guidance, but it is limited in range. In order to defeat and confuse active protection systems, which generally utilise radar for targeting, two independent counter-measures were integrated into the Helios II, so similar ones were placed in the Fenrir. The first was an active radar-jamming device, designed mainly to jam the NS-standard millimeter wave length APS radar, thus allowing successful bypass of most APS systems. The second counter-measure is a conventional (albeit compact) chaff dispenser. This also allows for it to confuse the APS radar by presenting a number of false positive contacts. The Fenrir is designed to be box-launched with booster-assistance. Upon clearing the firing platform and reaching required velocity, the missile's ramjet fires, propelling the missile to mach 3.5. the Fenrir then goes into top-attack mode, whereupon it identifies the target, adjusts and then dives at the target at engagement velocity.
Helios II's and to such an extent the Fenrir's warhead is a tandem-charge HEAT system, with the first (EFP) charge designed to initiate any ERA while the second, a shallow cone shaped charge, provides the majority of the penetration/damage. The tandem charge also allows it to penetrate any roof-mounted reactive armor, which is increasingly common on many vehicles.

Seeker: Tri-Seeker, Radar, Laser, Fiber-Optic
Warhead: One Explosively Formed Penetrator, One Shallow Cone Shaped Charge
Propellant: box-launched, ramjet assisted.
Range: 12.3km
Penetration: ~900 IRHA equivalent

Systems

Overclock FCS
The Overclock, which stems from the old Overforce unit, is a fire-control computer that uses user and system-supplied data from a variety of sources, to compute, display, and incorporate the three components of a ballistic solution - lead angle, ammunition type, and range to the target, to accurately fire the tank. These three components are determined using a laser rangefinder, crosswind sensor, a pendulum static cant sensor, data concerning performance and flight characteristics of each specific type of round, tank-specific boresight alignment data, ammunition temperature, air temperature, barometric pressure, a muzzle reference system that determines and compensates for barrel droop at the muzzle due to gravitational pull and barrel heating due to firing or sunlight, and target speed determined by tracking rate tachometers in the Gunner's or Commander's Controls Handles. All of these factors are computed into a ballistic solution and updated 30 times per second. The updated solution is displayed in the Gunner's or Tank Commander's field of view in the form of a reticle in both day and Thermal modes. This greatly enhances accuracy and reduces friendly fire incidents.

The Overclock's Primary features include:
-laser datalink where possible, Satellite where not uplink capable. Can be relayed through other units.
-Sub-awareness data gathering
-Operator streamed data presentation
- laser rangefinder

The Overclock is capable of providing up to three range values in four seconds. Also, because the laser rangefinder is integrated into the gunner's primary sight, the gunner is able to read the digital range measurement directly. The maximum range of the laser rangefinder is less than 10,000m with accuracy to within 20m.

The Overclock is supported by the MX Cluster AN/PRC-148 JTRS Enhanced MBITR Radio system or MX Cluster III for short. This sets up a Local Area Network which allows internet access for the troops (at DSL speeds each for up to 3 users at a time). Both outgoing and incoming transmissions on this system being screened by Military Intelligence experts and Communications Technicians ensures that nothing that isn't meant to be transmitted is.

The Encryption strength for the communication system is said to be around 450 bits, and the radio systems are also frequency agile, for further communications security.

ZMAPS "Big Brother" APS
The ZMAPS "Big Brother" APS includes an F band fire control radar on five flat-panel antennae mounted on the vehicle. When mounted, the combined radar field of view is 360°/6200mils. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the built in fire control computer detects the incoming weapons system and calculates an approach vector. Once the attack is fully classified, the system determines the best time and angle to fire the active component of the ZMAPS "Big Brother" APS. The response comes from four launchers installed on the vehicle, one on each side of the turret and one on each side of the vehicle. The launchers can pivot on the y axis, and can therefore engage targets any on coming targets that the fire control computer deems necessary. The launchers fire small metal pellets, similar to the projectiles of a Claymore anti-personnel weapon.

Nightshade
The developers of Nightshade took an ordinary camouflage net as the base and, utilising the latest technological innovations, turned it into a new generation signature-reduction product to combat the sophistication of modern radar systems and other contemporary military reconnaissance means. Nightshade simultaneously emploies both absorption and targetted reflection of electromagnetic waves. The array of material used within the netting the product, each of which featured at least one of the said qualities, allowes protection from a great range of known target location means withe the using vehicle is moving or stationary. This is further supported by the design of the Zio Matrix vehicles, which are designed with angles to bounce back waves.

Nightshade's visible suppression includes, as with most camouflage nets, terrain-appropriate textile strips, soaked in a dielectric polymer that can absorb and scatter electromagnetic waves. The textile pieces are made of non-reactive, radar transparent fabric.

In tests with the ZMX-01 versus LY4A1 'Wolfhound' MBTs, the Wolfhounds had difficulty locking on and finding their targets. It was confirmed in several more tests that with the Nightshade equipped signal reduction of 16% was achieved. This was however data gained from results from using Dinosian Technology.

Nightshade has repeatedly demonstrated excellent resistance to various external factors while keeping its camouflaging characteristics intact – a factor very quickly determined to be a critical capability of the system. Tests had tanks equipped with a Nightshade run at their tops speeds in off-road conditions, in woods and deserts. In all cases, the signature reduction capabilities of the equipment were unreduced to any appreciable degree. All elements of Nightshade are resistant to fuels, lubricants (gasoline, diesel fuel, lube oil) and detergents.

Variants
The ZMX-21E is basically the same as the ZMX-21A however it is instead equipped with a 120mm smoothbore cannon and all data from the systems has been wiped to ensure Dinosian data has not been compromised.

ZMX-21B Upgrade
The ZMX-21B Upgrade is a Upgrade produced specifically for Domestic use alone. It consists of a Lamonian made Armor Upgrade as well as an advancement in APS and FCS systems. It also features additional Armaments and several nods from the Lyran LY4A1 Wolfhound Tank.

Adversus Armor

--------------

Exote
Aermet 100
Resilin
Aermet 100
Composite Sandwich Panel
Aermet 100
Resilin
Aermet 100
Composite Sandwich Panel
Aermet 100
Ti-6Al-4V
U-3Ti alloy DU mesh
Ti-6Al-4V
SiC encased in Ti-6Al-4V
Ti-6Al-4V
Chassis
Anti-spall

--------------

Adversus is the latest in the LAIX ARMS line-up of armor solutions for tanks.

Adversus starts with Exote, which is rated as being effective against small arms armor piercing rounds (including 15 mm armor piercing rounds). Exote is Titanium Carbide ceramic particles in a metallic matrix. In this case, the metallic matrix is RHA, making it ductile, which greatly improves its multi-hit capabilities while preserving typical ceramic terminal ballistic properties -- high hardness and ablation. Because the ceramic has been suspended in matrix form instead of sintered together, it is cheaper than ceramic tile armor arrays, while providing calculated protection levels equivalent to a 1.77x thickness efficiency, and 2.25x mass efficiency, compared to RHA alone. This process means that Exote is classified as a Metal Matrix Composite, or MMC. Exote-Armour was invented and first manufactured by Exote Ltd., a Finnish corporation.

Upon impact by an armor-piercing round, Exote’s Titanium Carbide particles wear down the round via ablation, until the round is effectively turned into dust. Exote also spreads out the energy of the round, and distributes it over a larger area, thus fully neutralizing impact. The damage area is only 20-30% larger than the caliber of the hit, and the rest of the plate will still remain protective. This makes Exote a multi-hit armor, which provides excellent protection from small arms, with a lighter weight than RHA alone. The Exote is also used to contain the rest of the armor package.

Lamonian innovations in the form of extruded para-organic resilin are also used. Resilin is an elastomeric fibrous compound found within the musculature of insects. To quote Dr Chris Elvin of Australia's Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation;

Using genetically modified E.Coli bacteria, the CSIRO team was able to synthetically generate a soluble Resilin protein, based upon the cloning and expression of the first exon of the Drosophila CG15920 gene. By means of a CSIRO-patented process, the resulting resilin rubber was shown to have structurally near-perfect resilience, with a 97 percent post-stress recovery. The next-nearest competitors are synthetic polybutadiene ‘superball’ high resilience rubber (80 per cent) and elastin (90 per cent). The cross-linking process itself is remarkably simple. It needs only three components - the protein, generally lactose, or a near analog, a metal ligand complex, ruthenium in this case, and an electron acceptor. The mixture is then flashed with visible light of 452 nanometers wavelength to form the polymer - within 20 seconds, the proteins will be cross-linked into a matrix with remarkable tensile strength.

Like it's Acerbitas (and Acerbitas-B ) cousin, the Resilin used in Adversus is intended, as with NERA generally, to warp, bend or bulge the Aermet 100 plates upon impact. As the plates move, bullets are subjected to transverse and shear forces, diminishing their penetration, and shaped-charge weapons find their plasma jets unable to readily focus on a single area of armor. In the case of segmented projectiles, the transverse forces are less pronounced, compared to unitary variants, but the movement of the plate essentially forces the projectile to penetrate twice, again lowering total impact upon the platform protected.

The Resilin components are layered with Aermet 100 plates. The Aermet plates are angled, as penetrators striking angled plates will bend into the direction the plate is facing. This action on the part of the penetrator serves to significantly reduce the impact of the penetrator itself, as the penetrator expends energy on this bending motion, instead of being allowed to focus all of it's kinetic energy on a single spot on the armor.

Aermet 100 alloy features high hardness and strength, coupled with high ductility. Aermet 100 alloy is used for applications requiring high strength, high fracture toughness, high resistance to stress corrosion cracking, and fatigue. Aermet 100 is more difficult to machine than other steels; Aermet being a specially graded martensitic steel, and requires the use of carbide tools.

Composite Sandwich Panels are used both to increase the structural integrity of the armor, as well as to catch fragments that are created by enemy fire. The outside of the panels are composed of one centimeter thick plates of Aermet 100 alloy. One such plate is placed on either side of the panel. The interior of each panel consists of a three centimeter thick honeycomb of hexagonal celled, thickness oriented Aermet 100, where each cell of the honeycomb measures six millimeters across. Each hexagonal cell is filled with a mix of sintered Titanium Diboride (TiB2) ceramic tiles, and vinylester resin. This adds additional ceramic protection to the armor.

Ti-6Al-4V is a very popular alloy of Titanium. Designed for high tensile strength applications in the 1000 MPa range, the alloy has previously been used for aerospace, marine, power generation and offshore industries applications. Ti-6Al-4V offers all-round performance for a variety of weight reduction applications. It is used to sandwich the Depleted Uranium mesh, encase the SiC ceramic, and as the majority of the armor after that.

As chemically pure Depleted Uranium is very brittle, and is not as strong as alloys, U-3Ti alloy is used for the DU mesh. This alloy has a density of 18.6 grams per cubic centimeter. The alloy displays higher strength, and less brittleness than chemically pure Depleted Uranium.

Silicon Carbide encased in Ti-6Al-4V comes after this, with the Titanium alloy being used to encapsulate the SiC ceramic, as well as assist in hydrostatic prestressing, which is known to extend interface defeat. The SiC is isostatically pressed into the heated matrix; which more securely binds the ceramic into place.

Interface Defeat is a phenomenon observed when a hypervelocity penetrator strikes a sufficiently hard ceramic. The penetrator flattens its nose against the ceramic without penetrating into the ceramic for up to several microseconds, with penetrator material flowing laterally across the face of the ceramic until the ceramic starts to crack. As soon as cracks form, the lateral flow stops and penetration resumes. This effect is also called "dwell" in some publications. Silicon Carbide is excellent for producing this effect.

More Ti-6Al-4V is used as the bulk of the armor after the encased SiC, which has a superior mass efficiency relative to RHA, while its thickness efficiency is a bit lower (about 0.9:1).

The chassis is located behind this, with Dyneema being used as a spall liner. In Lamonian Main Battle Tanks, the chasis would likely consist of RHA. As Adversus will also be exported on a case-by-case basis, the chasis composition will undoubtedly change for export customers.

ZMAPSA
The ZMAPS Advanced Bigger Brother APS is an upgreaded version of the ZMAPS system.

The ZMAPSA "Bigger Brother" APS includes an F/X band fire control radar on five flat-panel antennae mounted on the vehicle. When mounted, the combined radar field of view is 360°/6400mils. When a weapon is fired at the vehicle, the built in fire control computer detects the incoming weapons system and calculates an approach vector. Once the attack is fully classified, the system determines the best time and angle to fire the active component of the ZMAPSA "Bigger Brother" APS. The response comes from four launchers installed on the vehicle, one on each side of the turret and one on each side of the vehicle in addition to the new rear launcher. The launchers can pivot on the x and y axis, and can therefore engage targets any on coming targets that the fire control computer deems necessary. The launchers fire small metal pellets, similar to the projectiles of a Claymore anti-personnel weapon. They can also be outfitted with smoke canisters.

Overclock FCS
The Overclock, which stems from the old Overforce unit, is a fire-control computer that uses user and system-supplied data from a variety of sources, to compute, display, and incorporate the three components of a ballistic solution - lead angle, ammunition type, and range to the target, to accurately fire the tank. These three components are determined using a laser rangefinder, crosswind sensor, a pendulum static cant sensor, data concerning performance and flight characteristics of each specific type of round, tank-specific boresight alignment data, ammunition temperature, air temperature, barometric pressure, a muzzle reference system that determines and compensates for barrel droop at the muzzle due to gravitational pull and barrel heating due to firing or sunlight, and target speed determined by tracking rate tachometers in the Gunner's or Commander's Controls Handles. All of these factors are computed into a ballistic solution and updated 30 times per second. The updated solution is displayed in the Gunner's or Tank Commander's field of view in the form of a reticle in both day and Thermal modes. This greatly enhances accuracy and reduces friendly fire incidents.

The Overclock's Primary features include:
-laser datalink where possible, Satellite where not uplink capable. Can be relayed through other units.
-Sub-awareness data gathering
-Operator streamed data presentation
- laser rangefinder

The Overclock is capable of providing up to three range values in four seconds. Also, because the laser rangefinder is integrated into the gunner's primary sight, the gunner is able to read the digital range measurement directly. The maximum range of the laser rangefinder is less than 10,000m with accuracy to within 20m.

The Overclock is supported by the MX Cluster AN/PRC-148 JTRS Enhanced MBITR Radio system or MX Cluster III for short. This sets up a Local Area Network which allows internet access for the troops (at DSL speeds each for up to 3 users at a time). Both outgoing and incoming transmissions on this system being screened by Military Intelligence experts and Communications Technicians ensures that nothing that isn't meant to be transmitted is.

The Encryption strength for the communication system is said to be around 450 bits, and the radio systems are also frequency agile, for further communications security.

Fenrir ATGM
Taking a nod from the Lyran LY4A1 Helios II Unit, Zio Matrix has created it's own ATGM to mount on the ZMX-21B.

The Fenrir was developed following a decision by High Command of Dinosia to implement a similar system to that of the Lyran Helios II Unit. The decision was based on the fact that the original ZMX-21 models lacked an effective countermeasure to heavier Tanks. According to High Command and the Army Office of Weapons Systems, the new missile should have the capability to match the Helios II. As such the missiles have been given Beyond Visual Range [BVR] capability, to take advantage of the upcoming SEED high-tech information orientated battlespace. In short, the intent was to field a system able to destroy hostile MBTs while they remained outside of visual and gun range. It was obvious that the Contract would be awarded to Zio matrix and they began work right away.

The Helios was designed to be a high-speed, top attack, ATGM, as such the Fenrir would have to do the same. The Fenrir utilises a Dinosian tri-seeking warhead, which is partially reversed engineered, allowing it to select one of a number of means to acquire and destroy designated targets. The primary seeker, which is most commonly used, is the missile's radar. Using millimetric radar, the Fenrir is able to acquire, identify and track and engage enemy Units. The secondary seeker-head is a laser beam-rider. This was primarily designed to allow UAV's and special forces (and also regular infantry if equipped with laser designators), to target enemy Armor and employ the anti-armour capabilities of an MBT from BVR. The third and final seeker is a fiber-optic guided seeker. This is perhaps the most jam-proof and secure way of guidance, but it is limited in range. In order to defeat and confuse active protection systems, which generally utilise radar for targeting, two independent counter-measures were integrated into the Helios II, so similar ones were placed in the Fenrir. The first was an active radar-jamming device, designed mainly to jam the NS-standard millimeter wave length APS radar, thus allowing successful bypass of most APS systems. The second counter-measure is a conventional (albeit compact) chaff dispenser. This also allows for it to confuse the APS radar by presenting a number of false positive contacts. The Fenrir is designed to be box-launched with booster-assistance. Upon clearing the firing platform and reaching required velocity, the missile's ramjet fires, propelling the missile to mach 3.5. the Fenrir then goes into top-attack mode, whereupon it identifies the target, adjusts and then dives at the target at engagement velocity.
Helios II's and to such an extent the Fenrir's warhead is a tandem-charge HEAT system, with the first (EFP) charge designed to initiate any ERA while the second, a shallow cone shaped charge, provides the majority of the penetration/damage. The tandem charge also allows it to penetrate any roof-mounted reactive armor, which is increasingly common on many vehicles.

Seeker: Tri-Seeker, Radar, Laser, Fiber-Optic
Warhead: One Explosively Formed Penetrator, One Shallow Cone Shaped Charge
Propellant: box-launched, ramjet assisted.
Range: 12.3km
Penetration: ~900 IRHA equivalent